XAT-2011 Analysis Answers Cutoff Jan-2 test

XAT-2011 Analysis Answers Cutoff Jan-2 will be available in a number of sites. We will be consolidating the links for XAT 2011.

AIIMS AIPGMEE 2011 Admit Card Download

AIIMS AIPGMEE 2011 entrance exam will be conducted on January 9, 2011. The admit cards for AIIMS AIPGMEE 2011 is now available for download from aiimsexams.org

AP SSC (Class 10) Exam Time Table 2011; Starts March 24

AP SSC (Class 10) exam will start on March 24. Check the detailed time table below.

HBSE Bhiwani Class 10 Results 2010

HBSE Bhiwani will be publishing Secondary results 2010 on December 23, 2010. Please check the link below with your roll number.

• HBSE Secondary Results 2010

SNAP 2010 - No Sectional Cutoff; Cutoff likely to be 95+

SNAP 2010 was conducted today all across India. There was a surprise in store for candidates. There is not sectional cutoff for SNAP 2010. So the candidates had to change their strategy from attempting enough questions in all sections to attempt maximum number of questions. Initial report suggests that GK was the toughest sections and Quantitative Section is the easiest.

SBI PO/PO Rural 2009 Results

SBI has published results for SBI PO/PO Rural for Advertisement No. CRPD/PO-PO (RB)/2009-10/07.

AP Police Constable 2008-2 Recruitement Results

The results for AP Police Constables 2008-2 has been published. Please check your results below.


 

Books/Guides to prepare for BITSAT 2011

Books/Guides to prepare for BITSAT

There are several books for BITSAT 2011 preparation. We have provided links for important books. You can purchase online to get 25% discounts. You will not get these discounts in bookshops. You also have an option to pay money when the book is delivered to home.

BITSAT 2011: Mathematics Sylabus

BISTSAT Mathematics Sylabus 2011

BITSAT 2011: English and Reasoning Sylabus

Part III: (a) English Proficiency and (b) Logical Reasoning
(a) English Proficiency This test is designed to assess the test takers’ general proficiency in the use of English language as a means of self-expression in real life situations and specifically to test the test takers’ knowledge of basic grammar, their vocabulary, their ability to read fast and comprehend, and also their ability to apply the elements of effective writing.
1. Grammar
1.1	Agreement, Time and Tense, Parallel construction, Relative pronouns
1.2	Determiners, Prepositions, Modals, Adjectives
1.3	Voice, Transformation
1.4	Question tags, Phrasal verbs
2. Vocabulary
2.1	Synonyms, Antonyms, Odd Word, One Word, Jumbled letters, Homophones, Spelling
2.2	Contextual meaning.
2.3	Analogy
3. Reading Comprehension
3.1	Content/ideas
3.2	Vocabulary
3.3	Referents
3.4	Idioms/Phrases
3.5	Reconstruction (rewording)
4. Composition
4.1	Rearrangement
4.2	Paragraph Unity
4.3	Linkers/Connectives
(b) Logical Reasoning The test is given to the candidates to judge their power of reasoning spread in verbal and nonverbal areas. The candidates should be able to think logically so that they perceive the data accurately, understand the relationships correctly, figure out the missing numbers or words, and to apply rules to new and different contexts. These indicators are measured through performance on such tasks as detecting missing links, following directions, classifying words, establishing sequences, and completing analogies.
5. Verbal Reasoning
5.1	Analogy Analogy means correspondence. In the questions based on analogy, a particular relationship is given and another similar relationship has to be identified from the alternatives provided.
5.2	Classification Classification means to assort the items of a given group on the basis of certain common quality they possess and then spot the odd option out.
5.3	Series Completion Here series of numbers or letters are given and one is asked to either complete the series or find out the wrong part in the series.
5.4	Logical Deduction – Reading Passage Here a brief passage is given and based on the passage the candidate is required to identify the correct or incorrect logical conclusions.
5.5	Chart Logic Here a chart or a table is given that is partially filled in and asks to complete it in accordance with the information given either in the chart / table or in the question.
6. Nonverbal Reasoning
6.1	Pattern Perception Here a certain pattern is given and generally a quarter is left blank. The candidate is required to identify the correct quarter from the given four alternatives.
6.2	Figure Formation and Analysis The candidate is required to analyze and form a figure from various given parts.
6.3	Paper Cutting It involves the analysis of a pattern that is formed when a folded piece of paper is cut into a definite design.
6.4	Figure Matrix In this more than one set of figures is given in the form of a matrix, all of them following the same rule. The candidate is required to follow the rule and identify the missing figure.
6.5	Rule Detection Here a particular rule is given and it is required to select from the given sets of figures, a set of figures, which obeys the rule and forms the correct series.

BITSAT 2011: Chemistry Sylabus

Part II: Chemistry
1. States of Matter
1.1	Measurement: Physical quantities and SI units, Dimensional analysis, Precision, Significant figures.
1.2	Chemical reactions: Laws of chemical combination, Dalton’s atomic theory; Mole concept; Atomic, molecular and molar masses; Percentage composition empirical & molecular formula; Balanced chemical equations & stoichiometry
1.3	Gaseous state: Gas Laws, Kinetic theory – Maxwell distribution of velocities, Average, root mean square and most probable velocities and relation to temperature, Diffusion; Deviation from ideal behaviour – Critical temperature, Liquefaction of gases, van der Waals equation.
1.4	Liquid state: Vapour pressure, surface tension, viscosity.
1.5	Solid state: Classification; Space lattices & crystal systems; Unit cell – Cubic & hexagonal systems; Close packing; Crystal structures: Simple AB and AB2 type ionic crystals, covalent crystals – diamond & graphite, metals. Imperfections- Point defects, non-stoichiometric crystals; Electrical, magnetic and dielectric properties; Amorphous solids – qualitative description.
2. Atomic Structure
2.1	Introduction: Radioactivity, Subatomic particles; Atomic number, isotopes and isobars, Rutherford’s picture of atom; Hydrogen atom spectrum and Bohr model.
2.2	Quantum mechanics: Wave-particle duality – de Broglie relation, Uncertainty principle; Hydrogen atom: Quantum numbers and wavefunctions, atomic orbitals and their shapes (s, p, and d), Spin quantum number.
2.3	Many electron atoms: Pauli exclusion principle; Aufbau principle and the electronic configuration of atoms, Hund’s rule.
2.4	Periodicity: Periodic law and the modern periodic table; Types of elements: s, p, d, and f blocks; Periodic trends: ionization energy, atomic and ionic radii, electron affinity, electro negativity and valency.
3. Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure
3.1	Ionic Bond: Lattice Energy and Born-Haber cycle
3.2	Molecular Structure: Lewis picture & resonance structures, VSEPR model & molecular shapes
3.3	Covalent Bond: Valence Bond Theory- Orbital overlap, Directionality of bonds & hybridistaion (s, p & d orbitals only), Resonance; Molecular orbital theory- Methodology, Orbital energy level diagram, Bond order, Magnetic properties for homonuclear diatomic species.
3.4	Metallic Bond: Qualitative description.
3.5	Intermolecular Forces: Polarity; Dipole moments; Hydrogen Bond.
4. Thermodynamics
4.1	Basic Concepts: Systems and surroundings; State functions; Intensive & Extensive Properties; Zeroth Law and Temperature
4.2	First Law of Thermodynamics: Work, internal energy, heat, enthalpy, heat capacities; Enthalpies of formation, phase transformation, ionization, electron gain; Thermochemistry; Hess’s Law. Bond dissociation, combustion, atomization, sublimation, dilution
4.3	Second Law: Spontaneous and reversible processes; entropy; Gibbs free energy related to spontaneity and non-mechanical work; Standard free energies of formation, free energy change and chemical equilibrium.
5. Physical and Chemical Equilibria
5.1	Concentration Units: Mole Fraction, Molarity, and Molality
5.2	Solutions: Solubility of solids and gases in liquids, Vapour Pressure, Raoult’s law, Relative lowering of vapour pressure, depression in freezing point; elevation in boiling point; osmotic pressure, determination of molecular mass; solid solutions.
5.3	Physical Equilibrium: Equilibria involving physical changes (solid-liquid, liquid-gas, solid-gas), Surface chemistry, Adsorption, Physical and Chemical adsorption, Langmuir Isotherm, Colloids and emulsion, classification, preparation, uses.
5.4	Chemical Equilibria: Equilibrium constants (KP, KC), Le-Chatelier’s principle.
5.5	Ionic Equilibria: Strong and Weak electrolytes, Acids and Bases (Arrhenius, Lewis, Lowry and Bronsted) and their dissociation; Ionization of Water; pH; Buffer solutions; Acid-base titrations; Hydrolysis; Solubility Product of Sparingly Soluble Salts; Common Ion Effect.
5.6	Factors Affecting Equilibria: Concentration, Temperature, Pressure, Catalysts, Significance of DG and DG0 in Chemical Equilibria.
6. Electrochemistry
6.1	Redox Reactions: Oxidation-reduction reactions (electron transfer concept); Oxidation number; Balancing of redox reactions; Electrochemical cells and cell reactions; Electrode potentials; EMF of Galvanic cells; Nernst equation; Factors affecting the electrode potential; Gibbs energy change and cell potential; Secondary cells; Fuel cells; Corrosion and its prevention.
6.2	Electrolytic Conduction: Electrolytic Conductance; Specific and molar conductivities; Kolhrausch’s Law and its application, Faraday’s laws of electrolysis; Coulometer; Electrode potential and electrolysis, Commercial production of the chemicals, NaOH, Na, Al, Cl2 & F2.
7. Chemical Kinetics
7.1	Aspects of Kinetics: Rate and Rate expression of a reaction; Rate constant; Order and molecularity of the reaction; Integrated rate expressions and half life for zero and first order reactions.
7.2	Factor Affecting the Rate of the Reactions: Concentration of the reactants, size of particles; Temperature dependence of rate constant; Activation energy; Catalysis, Surface catalysis, enzymes, zeolites; Factors affecting rate of collisions between molecules.
7.3	Mechanism of Reaction: Elementary reactions; Complex reactions; Reactions involving two/three steps only.
8. Hydrogen and s-block elements
8.1	Hydrogen: Element: unique position in periodic table, occurrence, isotopes; Dihydrogen: preparation, properties, reactions, and uses; Molecular, saline, interstitial hydrides; Water: Properties; Structure and aggregation of water molecules; Heavy water; Hydrogen peroxide; Hydrogen as a fuel.
8.2	s-block elements: Abundance and occurrence; Anomalous properties of the first elements in each group; diagonal relationships.
8.3	Alkali metals: Lithium, sodium and potassium: occurrence, extraction, reactivity, and electrode potentials; Biological importance; Reactions with oxygen, hydrogen, halogens and liquid ammonia; Basic nature of oxides and hydroxides; Halides; Properties and uses of compounds such as NaCl, Na2CO3, NaHCO3, NaOH, KCl, and KOH.
8.4	Alkaline earth metals: Magnesium and calcium: Occurrence, extraction, reactivity and electrode potentials; Reactions with non-metals; Solubility and thermal stability of oxo salts; Biological importance; Properties and uses of important compounds such as CaO, Ca(OH)2, plaster of Paris, MgSO4, MgCl2, CaCO3, and CaSO4; Lime and limestone, cement.
9. p- d- and f-block elements
9.1	General: Abundance, distribution, physical and chemical properties, isolation and uses of elements; Trends in chemical reactivity of elements of a group;.
9.2	Group 13 elements: Boron; Properties and uses of borax, boric acid, boron hydrides & halides. Reaction of aluminum with acids and alkalis;
9.3	Group 14 elements: Carbon: Uses, Allotropes (graphite, diamond, fullerenes), oxides, halides and sulphides, carbides; Silicon: Silica, silicates, silicone, silicon tetrachloride, Zeolites.
9.4	Group 15 elements: Dinitrogen; Reactivity and uses of nitrogen and its compounds; Industrial and biological nitrogen fixation; Ammonia: Haber’s process, properties and reactions; Oxides of nitrogen and their structures; Ostwald’s process of nitric acid production; Fertilizers – NPK type; Production of phosphorus; Allotropes of phosphorus; Preparation, structure and properties of hydrides, oxides, oxoacids and halides of phosphorus.
9.5	Group 16 elements: Isolation and chemical reactivity of dioxygen; Acidic, basic and amphoteric oxides; Preparation, structure and properties of ozone; Allotropes of sulphur; Production of sulphur and sulphuric acid; Structure and properties of oxides, oxoacids, hydrides and halides of sulphur.
9.6	Group 17 and group 18 elements: Structure and properties of hydrides, oxides, oxoacids of chlorine; Inter halogen compounds; Bleaching Powder; Preparation, structure and reactions of xenon fluorides, oxides, and oxoacids.
9.7	d-Block elements: General trends in the chemistry of first row transition elements; Metallic character; Oxidation state; Ionic radii; Catalytic properties; Magnetic properties; Interstitial compounds; Occurrence and extraction of iron, copper, silver, zinc, and mercury; Alloy formation; Steel and some important alloys; preparation and properties of CuSO4, K2Cr2O7, KMnO4, Mercury halides; Silver nitrate and silver halides; Photography.
9.8	f-Block elements: Lanthanoids and actinoids; Oxidation states and chemical reactivity of lanthanoids compounds; Lanthanide contraction; Comparison of actinoids and lanthanoids.
9.9	Coordination Compounds: Coordination number; Ligands; Werner’s coordination theory; IUPAC nomenclature; Application and importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and biological systems e.g. chlorophyll, vitamin B12, and hemoglobin); Bonding: Valence-bond approach, Crystal field theory (qualitative); Stability constants; Shapes, color and magnetic properties; Isomerism including stereoisomerisms; Organometallic compounds.
10. Principles of Organic Chemistry and Hydrocarbons
10.1	Classification: Based on functional groups, trivial and IUPAC nomenclature.
10.2	Electronic displacement in a covalent bond: Inductive, resonance effects, and hyperconjugation; free radicals; carbocations, carbanion, nucleophile and electrophile; types of reactions.
10.3	Alkanes and cycloalkanes: Structural isomerism and general properties.
10.4	Alkenes and alkynes: General methods of preparation and reactions, physical properties, electrophilic and free radical additions, acidic character of alkynes and (1,2 and 1,4) addition to dienes.
10.5	Aromatic hydrocarbons: Sources; Properties; Isomerism; Resonance delocalization; polynuclear hydrocarbons; mechanism of electrophilic substitution reaction, directive influence and effect of substituents on reactivity.
10.6	Haloalkanes and haloarenes: Physical properties, chemical reactions. Uses and environmental effects; di, tri, tetrachloromethanes, iodoform, freon and DDT.
10.7	Petroleum: Composition and refining, uses of petrochemicals.
11. Stereochemistry
11.1	Introduction: Chiral molecules; Optical activity; Polarimetry; R,S and D,L configurations; Fischer projections; Enantiomerism; Racemates; Diastereomerism and meso structures.
11.2	Conformations: Ethane conformations; Newman and Sawhorse projections.
11.3	Geometrical isomerism in alkenes
12. Organic Compounds with Functional Groups Containing Oxygen and Nitrogen
12.1	General: Electronic structure, important methods of preparation, important reactions and physical properties of alcohols, phenols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, nitro compounds, amines, diazonium salts, cyanides and isocyanides.
12.2	Specific: Effect of substituents on alpha-carbon on acid strength, comparative reactivity of acid derivatives, basic character of amines methods of preparation, and their separation, importance of diazonium salts in synthetic organic chemistry.
13. Biological , Industrial and Environmental chemistry
13.1	The Cell: Concept of cell and energy cycle.
13.2	Carbohydrates: Classification; Monosaccharides; Structures of pentoses and hexoses; Anomeric carbon; Mutarotation; Simple chemical reactions of glucose, Disaccharides: reducing and non-reducing sugars – sucrose, maltose and lactose; Polysaccharides: elementary idea of structures of starch, cellulose and glycogen.
13.3	Proteins: Amino acids; Peptide bond; Polypeptides; Primary structure of proteins; Simple idea of secondary , tertiary and quarternary structures of proteins; Denaturation of proteins and enzymes.
13.4	Nucleic Acids: Types of nucleic acids; Primary building blocks of nucleic acids (chemical composition of DNA & RNA); Primary structure of DNA and its double helix; Replication; Transcription and protein synthesis; Genetic code.
13.5	Vitamins: Classification, structure, functions in biosystems.
13.6	Polymers: Classification of polymers; General methods of polymerization; Molecular mass of polymers; Biopolymers and biodegradable polymers; Free radical, cationic and anionic addition polymerizations; Copolymerization: Natural rubber; Vulcanization of rubber; Synthetic rubbers. Condensation polymers.
13.7	Pollution: Environmental pollutants; soil, water and air pollution; Chemical reactions in atmosphere; Smog; Major atmospheric pollutants; Acid rain; Ozone and its reactions; Depletion of ozone layer and its effects; Industrial air pollution; Green house effect and global warming; Green Chemistry.
13.8	Chemicals in medicine, health-care and food: Analgesics, Tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, anti-microbials, anti-fertility drugs, antihistamines, antibiotics, antacids; Preservatives, artificial sweetening agents, antioxidants, soaps and detergents.
14. Theoretical Principles of Experimental Chemistry
14.1	Volumetric Analysis: Principles; Standard solutions of sodium carbonate and oxalic acid; Acid-base titrations; Redox reactions involving KI, H2SO4, Na2SO3, Na2S2O3and H2S; Potassium permanganate in acidic, basic and neutral media; Titrations of oxalic acid, ferrous ammonium sulphate with KMnO4, K2 Cr2O7/Na2S2O3, Cu(II)/Na2S2O3.
14.2	Qualitative analysis of Inorganic Salts: Principles in the determination of the cations Pb2+, Cu2+, As3+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Mg2+, NH4+, Fe3+, Ni2+ and the anions CO32-, S2-, SO42-, SO32-, NO2-, NO3-, Cl-, Br-, I-, PO43-, CH3COO-, C2O42-.
14.3	Physical Chemistry Experiments: preparation and crystallization of alum, copper sulphate, ferrous sulphate, double salt of alum and ferrous sulphate, potassium ferric sulphate; Temperature vs. solubility; pH measurements; Lyophilic and lyophobic sols; Dialysis; Role of emulsifying agents in emulsification. Equilibrium studies involving (i) ferric and thiocyanate ions (ii) [Co(H2O)6]2+ and chloride ions; Enthalpy determination for (i) strong acid vs. strong base neutralization reaction (ii) hydrogen bonding interaction between acetone and chloroform; Rates of the reaction between (i) sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid, (ii) potassium iodate and sodium sulphite (iii) iodide vs. hydrogen peroxide, concentration and temperature effects in these reactions.
14.4	Purification Methods: Filtration, crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction, and chromatography. Principles of melting point and boiling point determination; principles of paper chromatographic separation – Rf values.
14.5	Qualitative Analysis of Organic Compounds: Detection of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorous and halogens; Detection of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in foodstuff; Detection of alcoholic, phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic, carboxylic, amino groups and unsaturation.
14.6	Quantitative Analysis of Organic Compounds: Basic principles for the quantitative estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogen, sulphur and phosphorous; Molecular mass determination by silver salt and chloroplatinate salt methods; Calculations of empirical and molecular formulae.
14.7	Principles of Organic Chemistry Experiments: Preparation of iodoform, acetanilide, p-nitro acetanilide, di-benzyl acetone, aniline yellow, beta-naphthol; Preparation of acetylene and study of its acidic character.

BITSAT 2011: Physics Sylabus

	Part I: Physics
1. Units & Measurement
1.1	Units (Different systems of units, SI units, fundamental and derived units)
1.2	Dimensional Analysis
1.3	Precision and significant figures
1.4	Fundamental measurements in Physics (Vernier calipers, screw gauge, Physical balance etc)
2. Kinematics
2.1	Properties of vectors
2.2	Position, velocity and acceleration vectors
2.3	Motion with constant acceleration
2.4	Projectile motion
2.5	Uniform circular motion
2.6	Relative motion
3. Newton’s Laws of Motion
3.1	Newton’s laws (free body diagram, resolution of forces)
3.2	Motion on an inclined plane
3.3	Motion of blocks with pulley systems
3.4	Circular motion – centripetal force
3.5	Inertial and non-inertial frames
4. Impulse and Momentum
4.1	Definition of impulse and momentum
4.2	Conservation of momentum
4.3	Collisions
4.4	Momentum of a system of particles
4.5	Center of mass
5. Work and Energy
5.1	Work done by a force
5.2	Kinetic energy and work-energy theorem
5.3	Power
5.4	Conservative forces and potential energy
5.5	Conservation of mechanical energy
6. Rotational Motion
6.1	Description of rotation (angular displacement, angular velocity and angular acceleration)
6.2	Rotational motion with constant angular acceleration
6.3	Moment of inertia, Parallel and perpendicular axes theorems, rotational kinetic energy
6.4	Torque and angular momentum
6.5	Conservation of angular momentum
6.6	Rolling motion
7. Gravitation
7.1	Newton’s law of gravitation
7.2	Gravitational potential energy, Escape velocity
7.3	Motion of planets – Kepler’s laws, satellite motion
8. Mechanics of Solids and Fluids
8.1	Elasticity
8.2	Pressure, density and Archimedes’ principle
8.3	Viscosity and Surface Tension
8.4	Bernoulli’s theorem
9. Oscillations
9.1	Kinematics of simple harmonic motion
9.2	Spring mass system, simple and compound pendulum
9.3	Forced & damped oscillations, resonance
10. Waves
10.1	Progressive sinusoidal waves
10.2	Standing waves in strings and pipes
10.3	Superposition of waves, beats
10.4	Doppler Effect
11. Heat and Thermodynamics
11.1	Kinetic theory of gases
11.2	Thermal equilibrium and temperature
11.3	Specific heat, Heat Transfer - Conduction, convection and radiation, thermal conductivity, Newton’s law of cooling
11.4	Work, heat and first law of thermodynamics
11.5	2nd law of thermodynamics, Carnot engine – Efficiency and Coefficient of performance
12. Electrostatics
12.1	Coulomb’s law
12.2	Electric field (discrete and continuous charge distributions)
12.3	Electrostatic potential and Electrostatic potential energy
12.4	Gauss’ law and its applications
12.5	Electric dipole
12.6	Capacitance and dielectrics (parallel plate capacitor, capacitors in series and parallel)
13. Current Electricity
13.1	Ohm’s law, Joule heating
13.2	D.C circuits – Resistors and cells in series and parallel, Kirchoff’s laws, potentiometer and Wheatstone bridge,
13.3	Electrical Resistance (Resistivity, origin and temperature dependence of resistivity).
14. Magnetic Effect of Current
14.1	Biot-Savart’s law and its applications
14.2	Ampere’s law and its applications
14.3	Lorentz force, force on current carrying conductors in a magnetic field
14.4	Magnetic moment of a current loop, torque on a current loop, Galvanometer and its conversion to voltmeter and ammeter
15. Electromagnetic Induction
15.1	Faraday’s law, Lenz’s law, eddy currents
15.2	Self and mutual inductance
15.3	Transformers and generators
15.4	Alternating current (peak and rms value)
15.5	AC circuits, LCR circuits
16. Optics
16.1	Laws of reflection and refraction
16.2	Lenses and mirrors
16.3	Optical instruments – telescope and microscope
16.4	Interference – Huygen’s principle, Young’s double slit experiment
16.5	Interference in thin films
16.6	Diffraction due to a single slit
16.7	Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics (only qualitative ideas), Electromagnetic spectrum
16.8	Polarization – states of polarization, Malus’ law, Brewster’s law
17. Modern Physics
17.1	Dual nature of light and matter – Photoelectric effect, De Broglie wavelength
17.2	Atomic models – Rutherford’s experiment, Bohr’s atomic model
17.3	Hydrogen atom spectrum
17.4	Radioactivity
17.5	Nuclear reactions : Fission and fusion, binding energy